A
report released by global financial services firm Lehman Brothers outlines how
the Indian economy is in ''take-off'' mode and could experience 10 per cent-plus
growth for many years to come. Titled ''India: Everything to play for'', the 171-page
report says consumption and investment spending will spur growth in India, just
like it did in China and Korea during the early phases of their growth. The
report says there could also be further acceleration if structural reforms catch
up. Financial reforms, including the development of a corporate bond market, pensions
and insurance, will spur investment and could add up to another 1.5 per cent more
to the growth rate. ''Growth
justifies valuations'' In the context of India''s booming stock markets,
the report states that the nation''s economic growth, the fastest in Asia after
China, will help compensate for higher valuations. Merrill
Lynch, too, has raised its India rating to ''market weight'' from ''underweight''
earlier. Money
coming into the economy should not lie idle in unproductive assets and, instead,
should be directed towards job creation and acquisition of economy expanding assets,
it says. Standard and Poor''s (S&P) indicates that around $500 billion of petro-dollars
are headed towards emerging markets, after being diverted from US. Even if India
gets a meagre 5 per cent of this, it could mean up to $25 billion more of FDI
inflow. Real
interest rates in India are at around 6 per cent, so Indian investors get a real
return of around 3 per cent from bank term deposits. This indicates the economy
is sound, say analysts, as savings would feed the growing economy. In contrast,
the average nominal return on equity is around 17 to 20 per cent for the top 30
Sensex companies, indicating that investments in projects and capital expansion
pay off handsomely. Beware
of market madness However, mad bull runs in the market can effectively
divert resources from productive investments to market speculation, causing huge
asset bubbles. If this happens, it will set up all the latent ingredients of a
South-East Asia-type crash, because a sharp slowdown in the US still has the potential
to derail the Indian economy, the report indicates. The
report says that if the US economic growth rate falls by two percentage points,
there could be a severe impact on India''s growth rate. It says India could be
affected more than analysts expect by a US-led global slowdown, even as it hints
that a US-led global slowdown is on track, with risks tilted to the downside,
rather than the other way around. The
International Monetary Fund (IMF) had earlier estimated that a 1 per cent fall
in the US GDP growth rate would reduce India''s growth by 0.1 to 0.2 per cent.
An Asian Development Bank (ADB) 2007 estimate says it would reduce aggregate growth
in Asia (minus Japan) by 0.8 per cent. Dangers
of a deep US slowdown But the report says that India will be affected much
more by US GDP growth weakening, especially if the slowdown in the US is deep.
It says that India will take a bigger shock as the US growth rate slows from 1
per cent to 0 per cent, than when it slows from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. As
much as 15 per cent of India''s goods exports and around 70 per cent of India''s
service exports are to the US. A sharp downturn in India''s exports is likely to
have a strong impact on the domestic economy, as consumer spending takes a hit
and companies reduce capex and jobs, says the Lehman report. Indian
companies have recently been sourcing a large proportion of their funds through
overseas borrowing, apart from equity and commercial paper, to offset the domestic
bank credit slowdown. As investors are demanding a higher premium for holding
risk, there is a risk that Indian banks may sharply tighten their lending standards
just at the time when firms need to increase their borrowing. The
report also points out that India is extremely vulnerable to short-term capital
flight, if global risk aversion was to rise suddenly. Sharp portfolio outflows
can intensify equity corrections, resulting in a strong negative effect on investor
and consumer confidence, household wealth and business balance sheets.
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